Which Model For Forecasting Of Nepalese Inflation Is...

A. RESEARCH QUESTIONS - Which model for forecasting of Nepalese inflation is suitable? - Is Nepalese inflation caused by inflow of remittance along with the population growth and political instability in Nepal ? - Do the money supplies affect price level/inflation in Nepal? If yes, then at what extent money supplies affect Nepalese price level? - Does the relationship between Ms P hold QTM in Nepal? - Is there any SR LR relationship between Ms P? - Is the relationship between Ms P robust and stable? B. BRIDGING RESEARCH GAP - Impact of remittance along with population growth and political instability. - Intensive study on the relationship between Ms P employing variety of tools. - Confirmation of the relationship between Ms P applying various diagnostic tests. - Generalization is made on the basis of not only the single test but on the basis of a number of tests. C. OBJECTIVES I. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To explore and examine the state of the relationship between Ms P in the line of QTM. II. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE - Identify the suitable model of inflation forecasting - Examine the impact of remittance on inflation - Examine the relationship between Ms P and extent of relationship by ARDL models. - Analyze the SR LR relationship between Ms P by cointegration test and VECM. - Examine the Granger causality between Ms P. - Explore the relationship between Ms P with the technique of VAR, IRF and Variance Decomposition. - Examine the robustness ofShow MoreRelatedNepal : A Small Beautiful Country With Highest Mountain Essay10303 Words   |  42 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Background of Nepalese Economy Nepal is a small beautiful country with highest mountain, Mt. Everest and with third highest mountain, Kanchanganga in the world. Nepal has a scenic beauty with high prospects of tourism development. Besides, the country is very rich in water resources, mineral resources, and forest resources. It is a culturally and ethnically diverse country which is able to captivate a number of people in the world to visit Nepal for differentRead MoreModeling Of Forecasting Inflation On Nepal Essay6850 Words   |  28 PagesCHAPTER FOUR MODELING OF FORECASTING INFLATION IN NEPAL 4.1Introduction Inflation is a burning economic problem in the developing countries like Nepal that brings adverse effects like loss of purchasing power of national currency, leading to the aggravation of social conditions and living standards. This also leads to uncertainty making domestic and foreign investors reluctant to invest in the economy. Additionally, inflation broadens the country’s terms of trade causing domestic goods and servicesRead MoreAnalysis Of Proposition Of Rational Expectations, Developed By Lucas, Sargent And Wallace3007 Words   |  13 Pagesregression equation has been performed taking price level as dependent variable and anticipated money supply as explanatory variable. 11.2 ARIMA Model for M1 Money Supply In order to quantify anticipated money supply, the ARIMA model has been applied. For this purpose equation (11.1) has been employed for ARIMA structure for M1 money supply, on the basis of which the anticipated M1 money supplies has been quantified. ã€â€"dLnMã€â€"_1t=ÃŽ ±+ÃŽ ²_1 ã€â€"dLnMã€â€"_(1t-1)+ÃŽ ²_2 ã€â€"dLnMã€â€"_(1t-2)+â‹ ¯+ÃŽ ²_k ã€â€"dLnMã€â€"_(1t-k)+ÃŽ ¸_1 u_(t-1)+ÃŽ ¸_2Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages174 Problem Solving, Creativity, and Innovation 174 Steps in Analytical Problem Solving 174 Defining the Problem 174 Generating Alternatives 176 Evaluating Alternatives 176 Implementing the Solution 177 Limitations of the Analytical Problem-Solving Model 178 Impediments to Creative Problem Solving 178 Multiple Approaches to Creativity 179 Conceptual Blocks 183 Percy Spencer’s Magnetron 185 Spence Silver’s Glue 185 The Four Types of Conceptual Blocks 185 Review of Conceptual Blocks 194 Conceptual Blockbusting

Egyptian Planning Law Free Essays

string(45) " formed progressively on the level of admin\." Egyptian Administrative Systems Egyptian Administration Planning System Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems content 1. Egyptian administrative system (according to 1971 constitution) 1. 1 The local administrative system. We will write a custom essay sample on Egyptian Planning Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 2 Differences between Rural and Urban regions in Egypt. 1. 3 Relation between central and local authority. 1. 4 Parliamentary power (the elected councils). 2. Egyptian New Administrative System (according to 2012 constitution). 2. 1 Relation between central and local authority 2. 2 2. 2 Parliamentary power (The Elected Councils). 3. Egyptian planning system. (According to the unified planning law 119 of the year 2008). 3. 1. History of The Urban planning Systems 3. 2. The unified building law (Law 119 of the year 2008). 4. Urban Planning and Development (law 119 of the year 2008, Articles from 1 to 19). 4. 1. The New Planning Hierarchy. 4. 2. The Supreme Council of Planning and Urban Development structure. 4. 3. The General Organization of Physical Planning. 4. 4. The Regional Planning Centers (R. P. P. C) responsibilities. 4. 5. The General Administration For Urban Planning (Government). Responsibilities . 4. Local Authorities Responsibilities and Powers related to the planning issues. 5. Evaluation of the urban process after the unified urban law. 6. Hierarchy and Development plans contents. 7. Examples of the development plans. 6. 1. The National Urban Development Strategic Plan. 6. 2. The Regional Urban Development Strategic Plan (Greater Cairo Region). 6. 3. Helwan Government Urban Development Strategic Pla n. 6. 4. El Zabw (Village) Urban Development Strategic Plan. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 2 content List of Figures Figure (1). The Egyptian Governorates†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6. Figure (2). Local Councils Structures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7. Figure (3). Egypt’s Planning Regions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16.. Figure (4). The National Urban Development Strategic Plan . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20. Figure (5). The Regional Urban Development Strategic Plan (Greater Cairo Region). †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20. Figure (6). Helwan Government Urban Development Strategic Plan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦21. Figure (7). El Zabw (village) Urban Development Strategic Plan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦21. List of Shapes Shape(1) The Egyptian Administration Hierarchy †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5. Shape (2) self illustration The New Planning Hierarch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13. Shape (3) self illustration The supreme council of planning and urban development structure †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 14. Shape (4) The Supreme Council of Planning and Urban Development responsibilities . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 15. List of Tables (Table 1) Responsible Governmental Bodies For Planning or Approving the plans before the issuing of the unified planning law (119 For the year 2008) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12. Table 2) The hierarchy and the content of the development plans. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 19. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 3 Egyptian Administrative System Egyptian Administrative system (According to the 1971 constitution) Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 4 Egyptian Administrative System 1. The Egyptian Administrative System. Introduction Egypt is situated in northeast Africa and borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north along 995 km, the Red Sea in the east along 1,941 km, Palestine and Israel in the northeast along 265 km, Libya in the west along 1,115 km and Sudan in the south along 1,280 km. It is estimated that Egypt covers an area of 1. 2 million km?. Cairo (around 11 million inhabitants) is the capital of Egypt. According to estimates from 2012, the total 1 population of Egypt is 83,335,036. Today the country is organized on five levels. Art. 161 of the 1971 Constitution states that the Arab Republic of Egypt is divided into legally recognized administrative units. These are Governorates, Centers, Cities, Districts and villages. The Constitution also provides for other legally recognized administrative units to be established where it is in the public interest. Egypt consists of 27 governorate (fig. 1) and one city with autonomic character (Luxor), and those governorates contains 184 center â€Å"Markez†, Center’s region may contain one ore more fellow city, and the cities regions contains fellow districts or fellow villages according to the function, area and population of each urban settlement. As shown in shape 1. Shape(1) The Egyptian Administration Hierarchy In terms of the constitution, since Egypt became a republic in 1953, the country had various constitutions (1953,1956,1958,1964,1971, and finally 2012 constitution. But due to the absence of the parliament there is no laws issued yet based on that constitution so the next articles is based on the law 43 for the year 1979 based on the 1971 constitution. The Local Administrative System †¢ 2 1 26 184 218 †¢ Centralized Governorate Cairo †¢ Following Governorates †¢ Centers â€Å"Markez† Governorates are declared by a presidential decision. †¢ center and cities are declared by the prime minister. †¢ Function, area and population are the three factor the prime minister takes in consideration before converting a village into a city (after a proposal from the Local governmental unit). Cities 78 Districts 4168 Villages Differences between Rural and Urban regions in Egypt. Governorates are either fully â€Å"urban† or else an admixture of â€Å"urban† and â€Å"rural†. The official distinction between â€Å"urban† and â€Å"rural† is reflected in the lower tiers: i. e. fully urban go vernorates have no regions (Markez) , as the center â€Å"Markez† is natively a conglomeration of villages. Moreover, governorates may comprise just one city, as in the case of Cairo or Alexandria. Hence, these one-city governorates are only divided into districts (urban neighborhoods). Cairo consists of 23 districts; Alexandria consists of 6. 1) Source: Information and decision support center, Egypt’s description by information (2007), vol. 1. (2)Art. 1 in the law 43 of the year 1979 Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 5 Egyptian Administrative System Introduction Figure (1). The Egyptian Governorates. 3 Egypt consists of 27 governorate (fig. 2) and one city with autonomic character (Luxor), and those governorates contains 184 center â€Å"Markez†, Center’s region may contain one ore more fellow city, and the cities regions contains fellow districts or fellow villages according to the function, area and population of each urban settlement. As shown in figure 1. (3) Source: Information and decision support center, Egypt’s description by information (2007), vol. 1. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 6 Egyptian Local Administrative System 1. 2 Local Democracy 4 1 Each administrative unit in Egypt, on all the levels, governorates ,centers, cities, districts or villages has two councils. As Shown in figure (2). One if them is appointed â€Å"The Executive Council† and the other one is the public assembly which is elected by the people. The Egyptian constitution adopts elections as the method for appointing members of local popular councils. onstitution states that â€Å"local popular council are formed progressively on the level of admin. You read "Egyptian Planning Law" in category "Papers" Units by means of direct suffrage. 4 That the councils are elected through direct and secret votes and the mandate is for 4 years. 5 The last revisions to the constitution in 2005 and 2007 aimed to give interest to the local elections as it gave the local elected officials the right to sponsor and support independent candidates during presidential 1 elections. Figure (2). LOCAL COUNCILS STRUCTURES Source: Ennahar (M-M), L’administration locale entre centralisation et decentralisation, Librairie Jalaa El Haditha, 2001, p. 17 and s. (in Arabic). Relation between central and local authority Local councils are subject to many checks carried out by central authorities, which have the last word in terms of managing local affairs. Local councils also comes under jurisdictional control and the people’s 1 assembly on the other hand, the governor has considerable trusteeship and powers of control over local councils within the governorate popular council has control over the lower councils, according to the hierarchy established between local authorities . Control of Executive power Art. 139 of the law gives the power to the prime minister to declare the dissolution of local councils although the Egyptian legislating has established the principal for electing the local councils it didn’t exclude nominating particular members by the governor. Parliamentary power (The Elected Councils) Parliament adopts laws setting out the allocations of local authorities. It also has control over councils and local authorities according to the following terms: 1 – Members of the People’s Assembly have the right to attend popular council meetings, to participate in debates, ask questions, offer suggestions and request information without taking part in the voting process. 2 – The minister in charge of local administration is required to present an annual report to the President of the People’s Assembly on the activities and accomplishments of the local popular councils as part of the development plan and the budget of each governorate. – The People’s Assembly must be informed of all decisions concerning the dissolution of a local popular council within two weeks of the decision to allow the Assembly to verify that the aforementioned decision conforms to the law. (4) Dr. Khaled Zaki, Department of law, Ein Shams University, UCLG country profile Egypt. (5) Art. 16 of the 1971. (5) Amended law no. 43 of the year 7 9. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 7 Egyptian Local Administrative Systems (according to the new constitute). Egyptian Administrative system (According to the new constitution (2012) Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 8 Egyptian Local Administrative Systems (according to the new constitute). 2. 1 Relation between central and local authority ? Art (183). The country is distributed into local administrative units, each has its own character, and it includes governorates, centers (Markez), cities, districts, and villages, the unit could contains one or more village or district, that’s all according to what the law states, in the direction of insuring the decentralization concept, stabilizing the units of provision of utilities and local services, develop it and manage it. Art (184). The country adopt the needs of the local units from technical, managerial and financing support, and grunting the fair distribution of the utilities and services and resources, and decrease the development gap and rate between the units, As regulated by law. ? Art (185). Taxes and the local fees (original and additional fees) going under the financial resources of the un its, and follow the same rules, regulation and the same procedures of the country’s money. As regulated by law. Art (186). The law organizes the contribution and cooperation between the local units and each other in the mutual benefit projects, and the means of cooperation between them and the different country’s authorities. ? Art (187) The law organizes the way of choosing the governors and the local governmental units presidents and specifies their powers and responsibilities. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 9 Egyptian Local Administrative Systems (according to the new constitute). 2. Parliamentary power (The Elected Councils) ? Art (188). †¢ Each Local Governmental Unit (LGU) elects a popular council through a direct and the secret ballot for 4 years. †¢ The candidates required to be older than twenty-one years. †¢ The council includes representative from the Executive authority and they don’t have an accountable voice. †¢ Ea ch council elects its president and the procurator from the council’s members. †¢ And the law organizes the other nomination conditions and the election procedures. Art (189) Each LGU is responsible for the unit it represent, and implement and run the local utilities and the economic, social and health sectors , as regulated by law. ? Art (190) Decisions of the LGUs consider as definitive decisions, and it’s not allowed for the executive authority to interfere or to change except some cases: †¢ The council exceeded its responsibilities. †¢ The decisions made are Detrimental for the public interest. †¢ In case of disagreeing and controversy on the responsibilities of the LGUs, the country council’s Assembly is responsible to decisive and to clarify the LGUs responsibilities. As regulated by law. ? Art (191) Each LGU is responsible to state their budget and their final accounts, as regulated by law. ? Art (192) It’s not possible to dissolute the LGUs with a comprehensive managerial decisions. And the law organize the way of dissolution the councils and the way of reelecting it. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 10 Egyptian Planning System According to the old constitute (1971) and the Unified Building law 119 of the year 2008 Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 11 Egyptian Planning System law) 3. 1 History of The Urban planning Systems (Before issuing the unified building Obstacles faced the implantation of urban planning process before the unified law Before issuing the unified planning law in 2008 the Egyptian planning system faced a lot of obstacles, the most prominent one was the interfering between the ministries and entities objectives and responsibilities covered by defective laws. †¢ Tasks overlapping and duplication of urban developments plans. Contradictions in decision making. †¢ Lack of co-ordination among these wide number of concerned entities. The following table shows the overlapping between the Egyptian entities in the planning decision making 6 (Table 1) Responsible Governmental Bodies For Planning or Approving the plans before the issuing of the unified planning law (119 For the year 2008) (6) Analysis of housing supply mechanism In Egypt. Final report, 2007, the world bank. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Sys tems 12 Egyptian planning System 3. 2. The unified building law (Law 119 of the year 2008) Introduction Recognizing the major challenges of enforcing urban planning and building regulations due to the contradictions between many laws and decrees issued over time MHUUD proposed to combine all related laws for planning and building in one low to avoid any further conflict The unified building law comprises five chapters 1. urban planning and development. 2. building codes. 3. Conditions for demolitions of buildings . 4. Protection and maintenance of housing buildings. 5. Preservations of buildings with cultural or architectural importance. . Urban Planning and Development 4. 1. The New Planning Hierarchy 7 The idea was institutionalize the urban planning process in Egypt and ensure the efficient of the decisions and the implementation of the development plans. Decentralize the urban planning process within the GOPP Through the establishment of the regional centers to support the local units in performing their assigned task s in urban planning. Giving the smaller units much bigger role in the decision making process. Shape (2) self illustration The New Planning Hierarchy 7) Law 119 of the year 2008, Articles from 1 to 19. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 13 Egyptian planning Systems 4. 2. The Supreme Council for Planning and Urban Development. (Shape 3) self illustration : The supreme council of planning and urban development structure 8 The Supreme Council for planning and urban development Responsibilities 1-the council is responsible for approving and declaring the national goals and policies for the planning and urban development and the urban harmony. 2-The council is responsible for achieving goals of urban development. -coordinating between different entities concerned with planning and urban development and linking between the state’s economic development plan and urban development plans. 4-Specifying the valuable lands putting a vision for each land. 5-Empower the stakeholde rs to take their rules and responsibilities to achieve the national goals. 6-Evaluate the implantation of the National and the Regional strategic plans. 7-approving and declaration of The new urban development projects that lying outside the already stated urban borders according to the strategic development plans for the city or the village. The president announce the creation of the new city according to the recommendation of the supreme council. Deficits of the Supreme council for urban development and planning. †¢ The supreme council has no fixed dates to meet. †¢ Through the last 3 years they had only one meeting and the result was a visionary plan to develop the desert but due to the change of the cabinet the vision was cancelled. †¢ Before the revolution there was no data whether they had a meeting or not. (8)Based on art. 3. to 6. in the law 119 for the year 2008. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 14 Egyptian planning Systems 4. 3. The General Organization for Physical Planning (GOPP) 9 The General Organization for Physical Planning is the responsible authority in the country for putting the general policies and visions for a sustainable urban development and preparing development plans and programs on all the levels (national, regional, locally), and responsible for revising and approving the urban plans on the local level according to the frame of the national and regional goals and policies. The General Organization for Physical Planning responsibilities10 Shape 4) self illustration of the Supreme Council for Planning and Urban development Responsibilities As it shown in shape 4, the GOPP has almost the responsibility of every thing related to planning and urban development in Egypt, on all the scales and levels, even when they tried to breakdown this load and decentralize the process by creating the GOPP regional centers they kept the higher word in the GOPP’s hand. Th at lead to a weak planning process and very long time taken to start and finish a strategic development plan for any village or city. (9) ART 5. in the physical regulation list of the law 119. (10) ART 6. n the physical regulation list of the law 119. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 15 Egyptian planning Systems Egypt’s Planning Regions* Delta Region Alexandria region Suez canal region Northern upper Egypt region Asyut Region South Of Upper Egypt Region Fig. (2) The Planning Regions. Source Information and decision support center, Egypt’s description by information (2007), vol. 1. In 2004 GOPP decided to breakdown the Egyptian planning regions into 7 regions according to the existing economical regions, each region consists of more than 2 governorates, and they were distributed according to the main function of each governorate. That initiative purposed to decentralize the planning process and to distribute the work load on the new centers, As each center supposed to be more interfered in the region problems by coordinating with the local governorate directorate units (one in each governorate) and prepare a primary development plan for each city and village in the region with the coordination and cooperation of the local planning units and assemblies. So those centers are the GOPP’s arms, the link between the GOPP and the very local planning units. But still those centers don’t have the power to approve a development plan or a program, GOPP has the upper hand to approve or refuse any development plan. So it was a decentralization of the work load not in the decision making process but it’s a step in the right path of decentralization. * For more details read Annex 1 Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 16 Egyptian planning Systems 4. 4. The Regional planning centers (R. P. P. C) responsibilities ART. 7. the executive regulations list of the law 119 †¢ Establishing a regional planning center in each planning region (Fig. ) follow the GOPP and taking over its responsibilities. †¢ Offer the technical support for the government’s general admin. For urban planning units. †¢ Supervising the preparation and the implementation of the strategic plans for the region government’s cities and villages. (Based on ART.. 11,12,13 from the law 119 for the year 2008) †¢ The governmental Pla nning department studies the proposed development plans from the local public authorities with the contribution of the local public council. The regional planning centers takes the responsibility for preparing the local development plans for the city or for the village . †¢ The regional planning center revise the plan and change it according to the notes. †¢ The General Organization For Physical Planning revise and approve the development plan. †¢ Preparing the regulation booklet for the cities or villages detailed plans. 4. 5. The General Administration Directorate For Urban Planning in each (Governorate) Responsibilities. ART. 8. n the executive regulations list of the law 119 of the year 2008. †¢ Establishing in each governorate a general administration for the urban planning, takes over inside it region the responsibilities of preparing the detailed plans according to the planning regulations and building codes for the different land-uses also responsible for preparing the development programs. †¢ That’s all under the supervision of the regional planning center the unit follow. Based on the ART.. 8, 10, 14 from the law no. 119 of the year 2008. The general administration for urban planning is responsible for preparing a comprehensive report and submit it to the regional planning center , that report includes the needs and the development priorities for each city and village on the local level. †¢ Each unit Represent it’s development vision, suggestions for the required projects and the working plan to achieve this suggestions. †¢ The concerned managerial entity, the local assembly, the concerned executive authorities and representatives from the civil societies cooperate with the administrative units in making the proposed development plans. The general admin. Units is responsible for representing the proposal of the strategic plan for the city or the village to the citizens , the concerned entities and the local assembly. †¢ Write the notes and the objections on the proposal and send them back to the regional planning center. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 17 Egyptian planning Systems 4. 6 Local authorities Responsibilities and Powers related to the planning issues Based on the Art. 115, 116,117,118 from the law no. 3 of the year 1979 †¢ Local authority can only be involved in joint investment projects using foreign investment after the acceptance of the concerned planning entities and the national investment authority and the central government. †¢ Local public authorities are responsible for preparing an integrated development plans based on the investment’s opportunities and strengths and putting a vision for managing the resources and send them to the concerned planning entities. The local authorities with the contribution of the planning entity, directed by the recommendations of the local public council puts the goals to achieve social and eco nomical development. Based on the Art. 9, 16,17,19. of the 119 law of the year 2008. (executive regulation list. ) †¢ According to the needs and requirements the local assemblies specify, The GOPP through it’s regional centers and the governmental executive authority prepares the development plan and the local urban policies. The local units are responsible for supervising and reporting the development plans implementation progress for the governmental planning units and the regional planning centers. ART 16. †¢ In case of renewal plans and re-planning of the industrial, handicraft zones and the urban sprawl areas and the areas with a special values, the governor approve the plans after the approving of the public assembly and the local authority. ART 17. †¢ the local authority isn’t allowed to give building and constructing permissions unless the project stated in the detailed plans prepared by the governmental planning unit. Art. 19 †¢ the governor issue the taxes and fees of building after the approval of the local assembly. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 18 Egyptian planning Systems 5. Current planning process (decision making) and concerned entities. (self evaluation). Prepare the plan Require it’s approval Informed by the plan Prepare a primary plan (comprehensive S. W. O. T. analysis) Putting the policy and development strategies 1 prepares the detailed plans for it’s own projects. 2 prepares the detailed plans for it’s own projects. According to the unified building law the problems happened before issuing it like overlaps of responsibilities and Lack of co-ordination among these wide number of concerned entities supposed to be solved by creating the supreme council for urban planning, But still the council itself is not efficient as it has no fixed dates to meet and the army still have the higher word in all of the projects like a country inside the country (even in the new constitution), also for the public participation in the local assemblies still very weak and un-efficient because people don’t trust the government and the executive authority before and after the revolution, Corruption and fast money making still leading the planning system in Egypt. Self evaluation for the situation after the unified building law. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 19 Egyptian planning Systems 6. (Table 4) The hierarchy and the content of the development plans. Responsible entity Produced plans Content of plans †¢ †¢ National level †¢ †¢ †¢ Regional level †¢ Specify the national planning principals and the urban development projects Specify the national projects and it’s implantation phases. specify the public sector role in the development plan. Specify the national and regional planning vision and principals for each planning region. Specify the national and regional projects and it’s implantation phases. Specify the stakeholders and the partners for each project Specify the regional planning vision and principals for the government and matching it with the local cities and villages strategic plans. Prioritizing the projects and specific the implantation phases for each Specify the stakeholders and the partners for each project. Map’s scale †¢ Supreme council †¢ GOPP. – †¢ †¢ GOPP R. P. C. 1-250000 1-100000 †¢ †¢ Governorate level †¢ †¢ GOPP †¢ R. P. C. †¢ The General Administration Directorate 1-50000 1-25000 †¢ †¢ Strategic levels (cities, district and villages) †¢ †¢ †¢ State the futuristic vision for each city and village. Puts the Social- economical- environmental plans and the local urban development plans to achieve the sustainable development. Specify the boundaries for each city and village. Determine the urban sprawl direction and specify the futures needs of land. specify the implementing plans, priorities , and the financing entities. Setting the Planning and building codes and regulations. Setting the Infrastructure and land uses implementing programs according to the approved city or village strategic plans. †¢ GOPP †¢ R. P. Centers †¢ The General Administration Directorate 1-10000 †¢ Detailed Plans For the (cities, district and villages) †¢ †¢ GOPP †¢ R. P. Centers †¢ The General Administration Directorate †¢ Local authority 1-5000 1-1000 Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 20 Egyptian planning Systems 7. (Figure 4) The National Urban Development Strategic Plan 3 7. 2. (Figure 5) The Regional Urban Development Strategic Plan (Greater Cairo Region) 3 (3) General organization for physical planning, . Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 21 Egyptian planning Systems 7. 3. (Figure 6) Helwan Government Urban Development Strategic Plan Development strategy New cities sector New purposed urban settlements New purposed industrial zones New purposed port The Governorate urbanized sector The governorate apital â€Å"Helwan† New purposed industrial zones Existing industrial zone New investment area Dry Port â€Å"Cairo-Sokhna† Proposed Olympic city Proposed Olympic city International amusement park Natural Protectorates Helwan touristic Nile path The Governorate Rural sector Existing cities and rural settle ments New proposed urban settlements Back desert settlements Existing agricultural lands Proposed agricultural lands Proposed agricultural lands Agricultural industry zones Dry port (El Koraymat- Al Za’afarana) Regional road (Cairo- Luxor) Regional road (Helwan- Suez) Regional road (Nile path) Main road (Al-Autostrade) Regional road (Al-Koraymat) 3 7. 4. (Figure 7) El Zabw (village) Urban Development Strategic Plan 3 (3) General organization for physical planning, . Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 22 Annex I. The Number of the economic regions and their capitals The presidential decree No 495 for the year 1977 established eight economic regions and identified a capital for each region. These regions were: 1) Cairo Region: Cairo is the capital. The region shall comprise Cairo and Giza governorates. 2) Alexandria Region: Alexandria is the capital. The region shall comprise Alexandria and Behira governorates as well as the Nobareyya area. 3) Delta Region: Tanta is the capital. The region shall comprise the governorates of Monufeyya, Gharbeyya, Kafr Al-Sheikh, Damietta and Daqahleyya. 4) Suez Canal Region: Ismailia is the capital. The region shall comprise the governorates of Sinai, Port Said, Ismailia, Suez and Sharqeyya, as well as the northern part of the Red Sea governorate up to, and including, the Gulf of Suez. 5) Matrouh Region (MERGED WITH ALEXANDRA REGION): Matrouh is the capital. The region shall comprise the governorate of Matrouh. 6) Northern Upper Egypt Region: Menia is the capital. The region shall comprise the governorates of Bani Suef, Menia and Fayoum, as well as a northern part of the Red Sea governorate. 7) Asyout Region: Asyout is the capital. The region shall comprise the governorates of Asyout and New Valley. 8) Southern Upper Egypt Region: Aswan is the capital. The region shall comprise the governorates Sohag, Qena and Aswan, as well as the southern part of the Red Sea governorate. In 1986, a prime ministerial decree number 181 was issued to merge Matrouh region with Alexandria region, and to have Alexandria is the capital of this new region. This meant that the number of regions decreased from eight to seven. It is worth mentioning that in the same year, the prime minster issued decree no 197 to establish a committee to examine the governorates composing economic regions in Egypt, however the committee did not recommend any changes in the composition and boundaries of the economic regions. In other words, the current number and composition of economic regions in Egypt still follows the last amendments made in decree number 181 for the year 1986. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 23 Annex II (Abbreviations). ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CAPMAS Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics ESW Economic Sector Work ECES Egyptian Center for Economic Studies FY Fiscal Year GCR Greater Cairo Region GOE Government of Egypt GOPP General Organization for Physical Planning HDB Housing and Development Bank IDA Industrial development authority IDSC Information and Decision Support Center. LGU Local governmental units MENA Middle East and North Africa Region MHUUD Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Development MOI Ministry of Investment MOMDP Ministry of Defense and Military Production NAHP National Affordable Housing Program NAHPA National Affordable Housing Program Agency NUCA New Urban Communities Authority R. P. C Regional planning centers TDA Tourism development authority Concerned Ministries and Entities Ministry of Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban Development. Ministry of Defense . Ministry of Endowments. Ministry of Investment . Ministry of Agricultural. Ministry of Transportation . Ministry of Electricity and Energy. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation. Entities, Authorities and Sectors GOPP concerned with the whole country urban planning and development on all levels. NUCA concerned with the detailed planning of the new cities, including the regulations and policies of each city. TDA concerned with the touristic projects, As planning and putting the policy and the regulations for each project and each touristic land. IDA concerned with the industrial projects. Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 24 References References †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Unified urban law â€Å"law 119† for the year 2008 – Articles from â€Å"1-27†. (In Arabic). Unified urban law The executive regulation list of the â€Å"law 119† for the year 2008 Articles from â€Å"1-27†. (In Arabic). The local authorities management law â€Å"law 43† for the year 1979. (In Arabic†. Dr. Khaled Zaki, Department of law, Ein Shams University, UCLG (United Cities and local Governments), country profile Egypt, www. (Analysis of housing supply mechanism In Egypt. Final report, 2007, the world bank. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Information and decision support center, Egypt’s description by information (2007), vol. 1. www. gopp. org. http://www. uclg. org/en http://www. cities-localgovernments. org/gold/country_profile_africa. asp#c82 Egyptian Administrative And Planning Systems 25 How to cite Egyptian Planning Law, Papers

College Composition and Communication †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the College Composition and Communication. Answer: Introduction The methodology that helps all the designers in the world to solve several difficult and complex problems is known as design thinking (Bjgvinsson, Ehn Hillgren, 2012). The designers use this particular methodology for providing relevant solutions for their clients and customers. This process of design thinking draws on the intuition, reasoning, imagination and logic for finding the solutions or the probability of what could be found out. The client is extremely benefitted from this particular process. I had been following my subject of Design IT since the very first class (Howlett, 2014). My lecturer Professor Jeffery helped me a lot to understand the basic concept of design thinking by involving me in several activities. I have written blogs on my ten classes of Design IT and this report is a self-reflective analysis of all the classes. The following report outlines a brief description on the ten classes I have attended of Design IT. The ten classes that I have described are the Design IT, various types of models in design thinking, the art of innovation, changes made in daily life, design thinking tools, joining the dots, ethical design research, prototyping, launch, marketing and fundraising (Melles, Howard Thompson-Whiteside, 2012). The self reflective report describes about my strengths and weaknesses, that is what are my strengths and weaknesses and how can I improve myself in any aspect. Moreover, the report further contains my action plans. In my first class, I learnt about the basic concept of design thinking. Groups were made. We were provided with a paper and all of us wrote a sentence or two about the course. We selected a specific topic (Razzouk Shute, 2012). We passed our paper to other groups and everybody approved our idea of advertising organizations. The knowledge that I gathered from this particular class was to think out of the box and understand the basic concept of design thinking and the benefits of design thinking. Various types of Models in Design Thinking After the second class, I was enjoying the subject even more. The best line that I heard in this class was People who make things happen, people who watch things happen, people who wonder things happen (Lammi, Becker, 2013). I understood the interpretation of this line. My professor made the class extremely interesting, that I was more active in this class. I learnt that there were several different types of models that are involved in the design thinking. This process is completed by following few steps. The steps are empathize, define, ideate, prototype and test. If any one of the step is not successful, it is considered to a failure. We carried out in the class this small activity. We were shown a video in the class and groups were made (Viswanathan Linsey, 2012). We were asked to jot down few questions from the video. It was about a shopping cart, designed and manufactured by IDEO (see photo in blog entry 3, August 3 2017). They actually manufactured in five days. There were teams of experts for designing this. The cart had hooks on it sides. The baskets are removable so that they can be carried separately. A scanner even scans the product for pricing. Another advantage is that there is a carrier for small babies. It was a prototype, however was sanctioned by supermarkets. The lesson I got from this activity was that how teams can work and everybody has the right to speak about their ideas (Melles, Howard Thompson-Whiteside, 2012). Moreover, if a person is allowed to speak his words, he would be motivated. The most interesting and innovative I learnt from my third class was a video of Guy Kawasaki The Art of Innovation (See video in blog entry 4, August 7 2017). This was one of the best experiences in the class (Razzouk Shute, 2012). I got to know about many things. The main points were to make the meaning for what one is working, not to worry much and polarize people. Apart from this video, Professor Jeffery, descried about my next class, which would be on posters. Changes made in Daily Life This class was slight different from the rest. My professor, decided to give an exercise on what sort of changes you can make for daily things we use (Kolko, 2015). Precisely, he wanted us to change our all types of daily things like office chair, ice cream cone, and coffee cups holders and may more that we use daily. We simple had to search for the solutions. All of us shared our views. Moreover, my lecturer even shared his personal experiences. The second exercise was to make the process of carrying baggage to the beach easier (Plattner, Meinel Leifer, 2014). We were provided with ten minutes and our team came up with the best idea. The fifth class focused on the tools for design thinking. I was absent in this particular class. However, I have gone through the slides of my lecturer and understood the concept (Pourdehnad, Wexler Wilson, 2012). The first design thinking tool that was discussed in the class was mind mapping. This design thinking tool is extremely useful when working in a group. This helps in getting an idea for the solution of a problem.The second tool was journey mapping. It refers to the feedback of customers for a product. This is one of the most important tool for design thinking. The third tool is the value chain analysis. This tool provides a view on how many stages will be carried out in an organization for designing a product. This class started with the discussion on the marks of our assignments. My lecturer described about the mistakes made by us. We were again formed into several groups. This class had several activities (Noweski et al., 2012). However, the activity that I loved the most was joining the dots with only four straight lines. This is again another example of how to get out of the problem and think rationally. The TedX videos were extremely helpful to me in this activity. Ethical Design Research This paragraph helps to understand the data collection, ethics and research methods in design thinking. Ethics is the set of rules that we should follow strictly in our life and work place (Purdy, 2014). Research is the systematic collection and interpretation of information for finding solutions. Research has a clear motive. Data collection is of two types; the primary data and the secondary data. The methods of collecting primary data are interviewing, preparing questionnaires, semi structured interviews and group interviews. Whereas, the various methods of collecting secondary data are websites, books, news and articles (Vianna, 2012). I can surely conclude that design thinking is linked with data collection, research and ethics. This was my seventh class in the subject of design thinking. The activity that we did in the class was to design a prototype for the problem that is mentioned in the picture (See photo in blog 9, September 6, 2017). We were three members in our group. My group had designed a refrigerator (Plattner, Meinel Leifer, 2012). A simple refrigerator that has a camera on every section of it. By installation of an application on our smart phone we can have a look of all the ingredients in a fridge so that when we go out for buying we can have a look first of what needs to be taken.The lesson I got from this class was to deal with problems easily. Our second activity was to make a dessert. This class taught us about launching a product in market. I have learnt three main things in this class. They are the initial launch plan, the secondary launch plan and the real launch plan (Johansson?Skldberg, Woodilla etinkaya, 2013). The initial launch plan is basically a research type plan on your product. The initial launch plan helps to understand about the probable outcomes of the product. The secondary launch is generally a rough plan for your product.This plan helps to understand the benefits of the product and also the estimated budget of the product. The real launch plan is the actual launch plan for your product (Mootee, 2013). This is no longer a learning plan, here you will be delivering a new innovative solution from your product. This plan is done with proper planning. I have understood from my classes that any product becomes successful from its marketing. I have learnt many things like creating personas and targeting markets. Personas are imaginary customers that a company creates for its products (Carlgren, 2013). I also learnt about the 4PS of marketing, which are the product, price, promotion and place and the entrepreneurial marketing campaigns. There are three types of competitor analysis. They are the direct, indirect and the future competitors. Fundraising is the set of actions that are carried out for a distinct time for gaining access to the financial resources, needed for achieving the goals and objectives. These funds are collected for several goals like cancer research, charities, starting new venture and many more (Birkeland, 2012). There are few methods for this funding. The common examples are stock markets, 3fs, own money and bootstrapping. Action Plan and Strengths or Weaknesses The ten classes that I have attended on Design Thinking have helped me to understand the concept easily. At first, I had vague ideas on the topics. However, as I was more involved in the classes, the concepts were clear. Moreover, the activities that Professor Jeffery arranged for us were extremely beneficial and refreshing for both our knowledge and mind. We understood how to work in groups and how to think out of the box. Moreover, these activities even taught us to come up with innovative ideas and solutions to the most dangerous problems. Professor Jeffery helped us to understand that every problem has a simple solution that can be obtained without any kind of mental pressure. I also understood how to work on time and how to execute any activity within time. The knowledge I have gathered from these classes would be helping me in my future life. The action plan is a sequence of steps that are undertaken for achieving a distinct goal or objective. My action plan for design thinking is as follows: Goals Tasks Time Frame Requirements 1. Think with Creativity Understand the research methods Within one to two months Proper guidance and education. 2. Be Patient Understand the problem completely and then come up with ideas. Within one week Meditation and relaxation. 3. To do tasks out of the box Create something innovative for the society One to two months Think out of the box and start experimenting. These classes even helped me in identifying my strengths and weaknesses. The descriptions of my strengths and weaknesses are given below. Strengths: From the classes I understood that I have the ability to understand a concept easily. This is one of my strengths. Before joining the classes, I had no idea about this capability. These classes helped me to do so. My second strength is to think out of the box. I have an innovative and creative mind that helps me in providing innovating solutions to any problem. Weaknesses: In spite of having some strength, I do have some weaknesses as well that I got to know from these classes. I am little impatient regarding everything. For example, during one of the class, I was not being able to come up with creative ideas. I became hyperactive due to this. However, at the end of the day I was successful. I can overcome this weakness by simply focusing on my work and worrying less. Conclusion Therefore, from the self reflective report I can conclude that, the methodology, which helps every designer for solving various complex and difficult issues is known as the process of design thinking. Any designer utilizes this specific methodology to provide significant solutions for their customers or clients. This procedure of design thinking normally draws on the imagination, intuition, logic and reasoning for searching all the solutions or the possibility of what could be searched for. The client is absolutely benefitted from this specific procedure. I have given blogs on all of my ten classes on the subject of Design IT and this particular report is a self-reflective analysis of all those classes. The above report clearly defines about the description of the ten classes of Design Thinking. Moreover, the report further discusses about the strengths and weaknesses that I have understood after attending the classes and how I can improve myself by eradicating the weaknesses. My act ion plans are also provided here. References Birkeland, J. (2012). Design blindness in sustainable development: from closed to open systems design thinking.Journal of Urban Design,17(2), 163-187. Bjgvinsson, E., Ehn, P., Hillgren, P. A. (2012). Design things and design thinking: Contemporary participatory design challenges.Design Issues,28(3), 101-116. Carlgren, L. (2013).Design thinking as an enabler of innovation: Exploring the concept and its relation to building innovation capabilities. Chalmers University of Technology. Howlett, M. (2014). From the oldto the newpolicy design: design thinking beyond markets and collaborative governance.Policy Sciences,47(3), 187-207. Johansson?Skldberg, U., Woodilla, J., etinkaya, M. (2013). Design thinking: past, present and possible futures.Creativity and Innovation Management,22(2), 121-146. Kolko, J. (2015). Design thinking comes of age.Harvard Business Review,93(9), 66-71. Lammi, M., Becker, K. (2013). Engineering design thinking. Melles, G., Howard, Z., Thompson-Whiteside, S. (2012). Teaching design thinking: Expanding horizons in design education.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,31, 162-166. Mootee, I. (2013).Design thinking for strategic innovation: What they can't teach you at business or design school. John Wiley Sons. Noweski, C., Scheer, A., Bttner, N., von Thienen, J., Erdmann, J., Meinel, C. (2012). Towards a paradigm shift in education practice: Developing twenty-first century skills with design thinking. InDesign thinking research(pp. 71-94). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Plattner, H., Meinel, C., Leifer, L. (2012).Design thinking research. Springer. Plattner, H., Meinel, C., Leifer, L. (Eds.). (2014).Design Thinking Research: Building Innovators. Springer. Pourdehnad, J., Wexler, E. R., Wilson, D. V. (2012). Systems design thinking: A conceptual framework for their integration. ? ,4(6). Purdy, J. P. (2014). What can design thinking offer writing studies?.College composition and communication,65(4), 612. Razzouk, R., Shute, V. (2012). What is design thinking and why is it important?.Review of Educational Research,82(3), 330-348. Vianna, M. (2012).Design Thinking: inovao em negcios. Design Thinking. Viswanathan, V. K., Linsey, J. S. (2012). Physical models and design thinking: A study of functionality, novelty and variety of ideas.Journal of Mechanical Design,134(9), 091004.

Joseph Conrad Essays - Joseph Conrad, Congo Free State,

Joseph Conrad In Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, there is a great interpretation of the feelings of the characters and uncertainties of the Congo. Although Africa, nor the Congo are ever really referred to, the Thames river is mentioned as support. This intricate story reveals much symbolism due to Conrad's theme based on the lies and good and evil, which interact together in every man. Today, of course, the situation has changed. Most literate people know that by probing into the heart of the jungle Conrad was trying to convey an impression about the heart of man, and his tale is universally read as one of the first symbolic masterpieces of English prose (Graver,28). In any event, this story recognizes primarily on Marlow, its narrator, not about Kurtz or the brutality of Belgian officials. Conrad wrote a brief statement of how he felt the reader should interpret this work: "My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feel-it is above all, to make you see.(Conrad 1897) Knowing that Conrad was a novelist who lived in his work, writing about the experiences were as if he were writing about himself. "Every novel contains an element of autobiography-and this can hardly be denied, since the creator can only explain himself in his creations."(Kimbrough,158) The story is written as seen through Marlow's eyes. Marlow is a follower of the sea. His voyage up the Congo is his first experience in freshwater navigation. He is used as a tool, so to speak, in order for Conrad to enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical mind. He longs to see Kurtz, in the hope's of appreciating all that Kurtz finds endearing in the African jungle. Marlow does not get the opportunity to see Kurtz until he is so disease-stricken he looks more like death than a person. There are no good looks or health. In the story Marlow remarks that Kurtz resembles "an animated image of death carved out of old ivory." Like Marlow, Kurtz is seen as an honorable man to many admirers; but he is also a thief, murderer, raider, persecutor, and above all he allows himself to be worshipped as a god. Both men had good intentions to seek, yet Kurtz seemed a "universally genius" lacking basic integrity or a sense of responsibility (Roberts,43). In the end they form one symbolic unity. Marlow and Kurtz are the light and dark selves of a single person. Meaning each one is what the other might have been. Every person Marlow meets on his venture contributes something to the plot as well as the overall symbolism of the story. Kurtz is the violent devil Marlow describes at the story's beginning. It was his ability to control men through fear and adoration that led Marlow to signify this. Throughout the story Conrad builds an unhealthy darkness that never allows the reader to forget the focus of the story. At every turn he sees evil lurking within the land. Every image reflects a dreary, blank one. The deadly Congo snakes to link itself with the sea and all other rivers of darkness and light, with the tributaries and source of man's being on earth (Dean,189). The setting of these adventurous and moral quests is the great jungle, in which most of the story takes place. As a symbol the forest encloses all, and in the heart of the African journey Marlow enters the dark cavern of his won heart. It even becomes an image of a vast catacomb of evil, in which Kurtz dies, but from which Marlow emerges spiritually reborn. The manager, in charge of three stations in the jungle, feels Kurtz poses a threat to his own position. Marlow sees how the manager is deliberately trying to delay any help or supplies to Kurtz. He hopes he will die of neglect. This is where the inciting moment of the story lies. Should the company in Belgium find out the truth a bout Kurtz's success in an ivory procurer, they would undoubtedly elevate him to the position of manager. The manager's insidious and pretending nature opposes all truth (Roberts,42). This story

Musaabir Laiyemo Essays - Education, Health, Nursing, Free Essays

Musaabir Laiyemo Essays - Education, Health, Nursing, Free Essays Musaabir Laiyemo Professor Atkins ENGW 104 038 November 22 , 2015 Critical Writing Redefined Much can be said about the debate between academic and critical writing. I believe academic writing is any writing that is done for a class in a high school, college, or university and follows a particular guideline. Critical writing would be writing that is done to analyze and critique anything that the writer d eems fit . This includes but is not limited to books, plays, art, speeches, sports events, or even a normal conversation. In regards to my major, nursing, critical writing would be writing that it done to analyze and critique a paper and understand the reason why the author chose to write it. These two forms of writing have a couple of similarities and differences that distinguish what their purpose is. Academic and critical writing are two forms of literary writing that analyze and respond to events or texts for different reasons in different ways. As stated in the introduction, I believe that critical writing is writing that is done to analyze, critique, and comment on the stren g th of the argument of an event . While critical writing is usually associated with being done in response to literary work, it could be done in response to anything at all. In regards to my major (nursing) critical writing could be writing that is done to analyze and examine anything within nursing as long as it relates to the field. For example, "The Politics of Intimate Care: Gender, Race, and Nursing Work" by Charissa J. Threat is a prime representative of critical writing within nursing. This article critically examines the history of nursing and analyzes what made the field predominately female the way it is today. To accurately redefine what critical writing is in nursing, one would have to have a knowledge of what critical writing is and have experience reading and writing papers on the topic. This form of writing would be done solely for those who are in the nursing field and have a certain understanding and knowledge about the topic. This is because it would contain a lot of jargon that anyone outside of the field may not understand. While a certain form of critical writing would only be for those in the nursing field, critical writing can exist in any format. The same article that can be published in a medical/nursing journal can also be published in an everyday magazine like People or Us Weekly. However, it'd have to be written differently because the target audience isn't the same. A lot more common and simpler words would have to be used so the mainstream audience can understand. In "The Politics of Intimate Care: Gender, Race, and Nursing Work", Threat uses simple terms to describe early viewpoints on nursing. She analyzes the concept of nursing being meant for women because the actual nursing job is "inferior to medicine" (Threat 14) and women were considered to be inferior to men. Therefore, it was supposed to be the perfect job for women because they were supposed to be "cooperative, loyal, and obedient" (Threat 11) or something the y have been their whole lives. These commonly known words help str engthen her argument because the audience understands them and can now see her point of view better and take their own stand on the topic. Writers in nursing have a responsibility to their fellow peers to explain the topic that they are writing on and provide reasons for why it is important and should be taken seriously. The writer has to make sure that the topic that he or she is writing on is relevant and affects the lives of numerous people. On the other hand, writers who write for audiences outside of nursing have a harder job. These writers would have to make sure they explain what the topic is and why the audience should even read the piece of work. Moreover, the writer has the responsibility to avoid jargon and use common words to explain their topic while keeping the work fairly concise. They would also have to make sure the writing is engaging enough so that the reader doesn't put down the

Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington

Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley was born in Dublin, Ireland in late April or early May 1769, and was the fourth son of Garret Wesley, Earl of Mornington and his wife Anne. Though initially educated locally, Wellesley later attended Eton (1781-1784), before receiving additional schooling in Brussels, Belgium. After a year at the French Royal Academy of Equitation, he returned to England in 1786. As the family was short on funds, Wellesley was encouraged to pursue a military career and was able to use connections to the Duke of Rutland to secure an ensigns commission in the army. Serving as an aide-de-camp to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Wellesley was promoted to lieutenant in 1787. While serving in Ireland, he decided to enter politics and was elected to the Irish House of Commons representing Trim in 1790. Promoted to captain a year later, he fell in love with Kitty Packenham and sought her hand in marriage in 1793. His offer was declined by her family and Wellesley elected to refocus on his career. As such, he first purchased a majors commission in the 33rd Regiment of Foot before buying the lieutenant colonelcy in September 1793. Arthur Wellesleys First Campaigns India In 1794, Wellesleys regiment was ordered to join the Duke of Yorks campaign in Flanders. Part of the French Revolutionary Wars, the campaign was an attempt by coalition forces to invade France. Taking part in the Battle of Boxtel in September, Wellesley was horrified by the campaigns poor leadership and organization. Returning to England in early 1795, he was promoted to colonel a year later. In mid-1796, his regiment received orders to sail for Calcutta, India. Arriving the following February, Wellesley was joined in 1798 by his brother Richard who had been appointed Governor-General of India. With the outbreak of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1798, Wellesley took part in the campaign to defeat the Sultan of Mysore, Tipu Sultan. Performing well, he played a key role in the victory at the Battle of Seringapatam in April-May, 1799. Serving as the local governor after the British triumph, Wellesley was promoted to brigadier general in 1801. Elevated to major general a year later, he led British forces to victory in the Second Anglo-Maratha War. Honing his skills in the process, he badly defeated the enemy at Assaye, Argaum, and Gawilghur.​ Returning Home For his efforts in India, Wellesley was knighted in September 1804. Returning home in 1805, he took part in the failed Anglo-Russian campaign along the Elbe. Later that year and due to his new status, he was permitted by the Packenhams to marry Kitty. Elected to Parliament from Rye in 1806, he later was made a privy councilor and appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland. Taking part in the British expedition to Denmark in 1807, he led troops to victory at the Battle of Kà ¸ge in August. Promoted to lieutenant general in April 1808, he accepted command of a force intended to attack the Spanish colonies in South America. To Portugal Departing in July 1808, Wellesleys expedition was instead directed to the Iberian Peninsula to aid Portugal. Going ashore, he defeated the French at Rolià §a and Vimeiro in August. After the latter engagement, he was superseded in command by General Sir Hew Dalrymple who concluded the Convention of Sintra with the French. This permitted the defeated army to return to France with their plunder with Royal Navy providing transportation. As a result of this lenient agreement, both Dalrymple and Wellesley were recalled to Britain to face a Court of Enquiry. The Peninsular War Facing the board, Wellesley was cleared as he had only signed the preliminary armistice under orders. Advocating for a return to Portugal, he lobbied the government showing that it was a front on which the British could effectively fight the French. In April 1809, Wellesley arrived at Lisbon and began preparing for new operations. Going on the offensive, he defeated Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult at the Second Battle of Porto in May and pressed into Spain to unite with Spanish forces under General Gregorio Garcà ­a de la Cuesta. Defeating a French army at Talavera in July, Wellesley was forced to withdraw when Soult threatened to cut his supply lines to Portugal. Short on supplies and increasingly frustrated by Cuesta, he retreated by into Portuguese territory. In 1810, reinforced French forces under Marshal Andrà © Massà ©na invaded Portugal forcing Wellesley to retreat behind the formidable Lines of Torres Vedras. As Massà ©na was unable to break through the lines a stalemate ensued. After remaining in Portugal for six months, the French were forced to retreat in early 1811 due to sickness and starvation. Advancing from Portugal, Wellesley laid siege to Almeida in April 1811. Advancing to the citys aid, Massà ©na met him at the Battle of Fuentes de Oà ±oro in early May. Winning a strategic victory, Wellesley was promoted to general on July 31. In 1812, he moved against the fortified cities of Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz. Storming the former in January, Wellesley secured the latter after a bloody fight in early April. Pushing deeper into Spain, he won a decisive victory over Marshal Auguste Marmont at the Battle of Salamanca in July. Victory in Spain For his triumph, he was made Earl then Marquess of Wellington. Moving on to Burgos, Wellington was unable to take the city and was forced to retreat back to Ciudad Rodrigo that fall when Soult and Marmont united their armies. In 1813, he advanced north of Burgos and switched his supply base to Santander. This move forced the French to abandon Burgos and Madrid. Outflanking the French lines, he crushed the retreating enemy at the Battle of Vitoria on June 21. In recognition of this, he was promoted to field marshal. Pursuing the French, he laid siege to San Sebastin in July and defeated Soult at Pyrenees, Bidassoa and Nivelle. Invading France, Wellington drove Soult back after victories at the Nive and Orthez before hemming the French commander in at Toulouse in early 1814. After bloody fighting, Soult, having learned of Napoleons abdication, agreed to an armistice. The Hundred Days Elevated to Duke of Wellington, he first served as ambassador to France before becoming first plenipotentiary to the Congress of Vienna. With Napoleons escape from Elba and subsequent return to power in February 1815, Wellington raced to Belgium to take command of the Allied army. Clashing with the French at Quatre Bras on June 16, Wellington withdrew to a ridge near Waterloo. Two days later, Wellington and Field Marshal Gebhard von Blà ¼cher decisively defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. Later Life With the end of the war, Wellington returned to politics as Master-General of the Ordnance in 1819. Eight years later he was made Commander-in-Chief of the British Army. Increasingly influential with the Tories, Wellington became prime minister in 1828. Though staunchly conservative, he advocated for and granted Catholic Emancipation. Increasingly unpopular, his government fell after only two years. He later served as foreign secretary and minister without portfolio in the governments of Robert Peel. Retiring from politics in 1846, he retained his military position until his death. Wellington died at Walmer Castle on September 14, 1852 after suffering a stroke. Following a state funeral, he was buried at St. Pauls Cathedral in London near Britains other hero of the Napoleonic Wars, Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson.

Egan's Justification for Recommending Health and Safety Improvements Research Paper

Egan's Justification for Recommending Health and Safety Improvements in Construction Industry - Research Paper Example This clearly shows that the service provided in this sector is poor. Improvements in the health and safety construction sector, guarantee clients the best services, and it is obvious that the profit made will be up the scale. Egan argued that for the health, and safety construction sector to achieve its full potential, there was need for only people who are qualified to be employed. If the new employees are not qualified, they should be trained. Egan came up with the idea of hiring more employees; there was the need for 370,000 new employees to be hired by the health and safety sector and each of the new employees was to be trained (Chinyio & Olomolaiye, 2010: 155). He also proposed for institutions to have a guide to assist employees and a code of ethical working practice for contractors, trade unions and clients. The employees need to be aware of whom they are dealing with; this helps them follow the right channel in case of an emergency. Main elements of Egan’s proposals to achieve this improvement Pioneering projects are the ventures laid down by an establishment to improve the performance of the establishment. This can be internal contests laid down to motivate the performance of every employee. The establishment could come up with remuneration on the employee of the year award. This will guarantee quality services from the employees, because the employees will be contending for the coveted price. On the subject of profit gained in the sector, by improving the working environment of the employees, they certainly perk up how they offer services to clients. This boosts the amount of profit earned, because when clients get the best in terms of service they will definitely spread the word to the people around them; this also applies in poor service. The real concern that needs to be taken into deliberation is the issue of health and safety sector for the employees (Booth, 2012: 64). When the employees’ health and safety is taken into account, eve rything else falls in place. When an establishment leases more employees, each employee feels the significance of his or her input in the company. Due to getting only qualified staff the best service is guaranteed for clients. This also applies in the argument of coming up with trade unions, these unions brace the relationship between the establishments and the clients. The employees need to know their input in an industry, and the clients should also be aware of the output of an industry they have an alliance with, trade unions help in achieving this goal. When all these issues are taken into consideration, the intended profit will be able to assist the industry develop other sectors. The health section should also focus on making the employees feel the urge to work. This can be done by introducing leisure activities, that will help them relax. The main principles of BREEAM system, and how the system operates in practice BREEAM system was formed to ensure environmental quality cons truction through accessible, un-hostile and unprejudiced measure of ecological impacts. The BREEAM system creates the possibility of covering all construction areas (Senaratne and Sexton, 2011: 209). This is because the system does not focus on the specified areas only, it weigh’s its focus on all the areas that need to be developed, and works to achieve this target. BREEAM aims to use qualified measures to determine environmental qu

Personality disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personality disorders - Essay Example Temperaments are part of a person’s personality, and the part that we really can’t shape, since they are with us from birth. Biologically, a temperament is with you regardless of whether you’re born a boy or a girl, and babies of both genders are born the same way, with this preset code. It has been said that baby boys are harder to raise than their female counterparts, but all babies start out needing the same things, and already have their temperament ‘installed’ so that is a misconception, if not an old wives’ tale. Socially, temperaments don’t change, either. When you are first born, you have not had the opportunity to learn anything yet, so how you act around other people is in your temperament, not a learned behavior. They say that your temperament remains virtually unchanged throughout your life, so if you start out a social butterfly you are more likely to remain so when you do have the opportunity to learn behaviors. I believe that your temperament affects the development of your personality since it is a building block of who you are. You already have a set of rules that you follow in social situations, though you are not always aware of it, especially when you are young.

Negative Effects of Pornography Essay Example for Free

Negative Effects of Pornography Essay According to research by Malumuth, men who fit the rapist’s profile report more sexually coercive behavior in the past and more sexually aggressive intentions for the future than do men who do not fit this profile, Men who fit the rapists profile are also more likely than other men to have high levels of arousal in response to violent pornography. The Family and Pornography -Married men who are involved in pornography feel less satisfied with their conjugal relations and less emotionally attached to their wives. Wives notice and are upset by the difference. -Pornography use is a pathway to infidelity and divorce, and is frequently a major factor in these family disasters. -Among couples affected by one spouses addiction, two-thirds experience a loss of interest in sexual intercourse. -Both spouses perceive pornography viewing as tantamount to infidelity. -Pornography viewing leads to a loss of interest in good family relations. The Individual and Pornography -Pornography is addictive, and neuroscientists are beginning to map the biological substrate of this addiction. -Users tend to become desensitized to the type of pornography they use, become bored with it, and then seek more perverse forms of pornography. -Men who view pornography regularly have a higher tolerance for abnormal sexuality, including rape, sexual aggression, and sexual promiscuity. -Prolonged consumption of pornography by men produces stronger notions of women as commodities or as sex objects. -Pornography engenders greater sexual permissiveness, which in turn leads to a greater risk of out-of-wedlock births and STDs. These, in turn, lead to still more weaknesses and debilities. Research on the effects of pornography on aggression has found that violent pornography tends to have greater immediate effects on male-to-female aggression that on male-to-male Other effects of pornography -Many adolescents who view pornography initially feel shame, diminished self-confidence, and sexual uncertainty, but these feelings quickly shift to unadulterated enjoyment with regular viewing. -The presence of sexually oriented businesses significantly harms the surrounding community, leading to increases in crime and decreases in property values. -The main defenses against pornography are close family life, a good marriage and good relations between parents and children, coupled with deliberate parental monitoring of Internet use. Traditionally, government has kept a tight lid on sexual traffic and businesses, but in matters of pornography that has waned almost completely, except where child pornography is concerned. Given the massive, deleterious individual, marital, family, and social effects of pornography, it is time for citizens, communities, and government to reconsider their laissez-faire approach. -Research demonstrates that exposure to films containing sexual violence against women results in inaccurate beliefs about rape, less sympathy toward victims of rape, and increased aggression to women. 1. Porn contributes to social and psychological problems within men Anti-pornography activist, Gail Dines, notes that round men who become addicted to porn, â€Å"neglect their schoolwork, spend huge amounts of money they don’t have, become isolated from others, and often suffer depression. Dr. William Struthers, who has a PhD is biopsychology from the University of Illinois at Chicago, confirms some of these and adds more, finding that men who use porn become controlling, highly introverted, have high anxiety, narcissistic, curious, have low self-esteem, depressed, dissociative, and distractible. Ironically, while viewing porn creates momentary intensely pleasurable experiences, it ends up leading to several negative lingering psychological experiences. 2. Porn rewires the male brain As men fall deeper into the mental habit of fixating on pornographic images, the exposure to them creates neural pathways. Like a path is created in the woods with each successive hiker, so do the neural paths set the course for the next time an erotic image is viewed. Over time these neural paths become wider as they are repeatedly traveled with each exposure to pornography. They become the automatic pathway through which interactions with women are routed.. They have unknowingly created a neurological circuit that imprisons their ability to see women rightly as created in God’s image. After all, pornography works in the most basic of ways on the brain: It is Pavlovian. An orgasm is one of the biggest reinforcers imaginable. If you associate orgasm with your wife, a kiss, a scent, a body, that is what, over time, will turn you on; if you open your focus to an endless stream of ever-more-transgressive images of cybersex slaves, that is what it will take to turn you on. The ubi quity of sexual images does not free eros but dilutes it. 3. Porn turns sex into masturbation Sex becomes self-serving. It becomes about your pleasure and not the self-giving, mutually reciprocating intimacy that it was designed for. 4. Porn demeans and objectifies women This occurs from hard-core to soft-core pornography. Soft-core pornography has a very negative effect on men as well. The problem with soft-core pornography is that it’s voyeurism teaches men to view women as objects rather than to be in relationships with women as human beings. Pornography gives men the false impression that sex and pleasure are entirely divorced from relationships. In other words, pornography is inherently self-centered – something a man does by himself, for himself, by using another woman as the means to pleasure, as yet another product to consume. One experiment shows that men and women who were exposed to large amounts of pornography were significantly less likely to want daughters than those who had none. Again, it needs to be emphasized, that this is not an effect that only rests upon those who have viewed porn. The massive consumption of porn and the size of the porn industry has hypersexualized the entire culture. Men and women are born into a pornified culture, and women are the biggest losers. By inundating girls and women with the message that their most worthy attribute is their sexual hotness and crowding out other messages, pop culture is grooming them just like an individual perpetrator would. It is slowly chipping away at their self-esteem, stripping them of a sense of themselves as whole human beings, and providing them with an identity that emphasizes sex and de-emphasizes every other human attribute. 5. Porn squashes the beauty of a real naked woman For most of human history, the erotic images have been reflections of, or celebrations of, or substitutes for, real naked women. For the first time in history, the images’ power and allure have supplanted that of them. Today, real naked women are just bad porn. 6. Porn has a numbing effect upon reality It makes real sex and even the real world become boring in comparison. It particularly anesthetizes the emotional life of a man. Pornography leaves men desensitized to both outrage and to excitement, leading to an overall diminishment of feeling and eventually to dissatisfaction with the emotional tugs of everyday life. Eventually they are left with a confusing mix of supersized expectations about sex and numbed emotions about women. When a man gets bored with pornography, both his fantasy and real worlds become imbued with indifference. The real world often gets really boring. 7. Porn lies about what it means to be male and female Pornography tells a false story about men and women. In the story of porn, women are â€Å"one-dimensional† – they never say no, never get pregnant, and can’t wait to have sex with any man and please them in whatever way imaginable (or even unimaginable). On the other hand, the story porn tells about men is that they are â€Å"soulless, unfeeling, amoral life-support systems for erect penises who are entitles to use women in any way they want.† These men demonstrated zero empathy, respect, or love for the women they have sex with.

The Challenges Faced In Jane E :: essays research papers

The novel, Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, has a plot that is filled with an extraordinary amount of problems. Or so it seems as you are reading it. However, it comes to your attention after you have finished it, that there is a common thread running throughout the book. There are many little difficulties that the main character, the indomitable Jane Eyre, must deal with, but once you reach the end of the book you begin to realize that all of Jane's problems are based around one thing. Jane searches throughout the book for love and acceptance, and is forced to endure many hardships before finding them. First, she must cope with the betrayal of the people who are supposed to be her family - her aunt, Mrs. Reed, and her children, Eliza, Georgiana, and John. Then there is the issue of Jane's time at Lowood School, and how Jane goes out on her own after her best friend leaves. She takes a position at Thornfield Hall as a tutor, and makes some new friendships and even a romance. Yet her n ewfound happiness is taken away from her and she once again must start over. Then finally, after enduring so much, during the course of the book, Jane finally finds a true family and love, in rather unexpected places.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the start of Jane Eyre, Jane is living with her widowed aunt, Mrs. Reed, and her family after being orphaned. Jane is bitterly unhappy there because she is constantly tormented by her cousins, John, Eliza, and Georgiana. After reading the entire book you realize that Jane was perfectly capable of dealing with that issue on her own, but what made it unbearable was that Mrs. Reed always sided with her children, and never admitted to herself that her offspring could ever do such things as they did to Jane. Therefore, Jane was always punished for what the other three children did, and was branded a liar by Mrs. Reed. This point in the book marks the beginning of Jane's primary conflict in the novel. She feels unloved and unaccepted by the world, as her own family betrays her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This feeling intensifies when Mr. Brocklehurst arrives to take Jane away to Lowood School. Her aunt is pleased to see her go, but manages to influence Jane's life even after Jane is settled in at the charity school, by informing Mr.

Factors Affecting Academic Performance of La English Students

â€Å"FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE L. A. ENGLISH STUDENTS† Research Objectives  ·To determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents;  ·To know how the Liberal Arts students perform based on the factors enumerated; and  ·To know the factors that affects the academic performance of Liberal Arts Major in English students. Introduction Operational Definition of Terms Academic performance Academic performance refers to how students deal with their studies and how they cope with or accomplish different tasks given to them by their teachers.Academic performance is the ability to study and remember facts and being able to communicate your knowledge verbally or down on paper. It is the ability to test your knowledge and how you handle such performance. Some factors that affects the academic performance of L. A English students are family, friends, everyday or environmental influence, personal influence, social influence, social media, absentism , habits, extracurricular activities, etc. Family Family refers to the basic unit of the community. It is the foundation in which the student grows in.The family is responsible for teaching the student good manners, right conduct, etiquette and etc. Family is composed of father, mother, brothers and/or sisters. It is a group of people related to each other. Everyday/Environmental Influence Environmental influence is the influence on the student by his or her environment, whether people are treating him well or not, whether the environment is healthy and good for the growth of a student. Environmental influence concerns the behavior of the students in dealing ith the society or with the community he or she is living in. Factors Factors are the things which has to be taken into account or which affects the course of events in the said study. Southern Baptist College Southern Baptist College refers to the Christian institution located at Bialong, Mlang, Cotabato, Philippines that offer s basic, secondary, tertiary and graduate courses. Liberal Arts Liberal Arts refer to a department in Southern Baptist College that includes students taking up major courses such as: English, Public Administration and Social Science.Students Students refers to one who attends a school and one who studies. An undergraduate or graduate studying for a degree at a university or college. English English is the universal language. It is one of the major courses offered in the department of Liberal Arts in Southern Baptist College. Study Habits Study habits refers to the way or technique of a student on how he or she will deal with his or her studies. Peer pressure Peer pressure refers to the influence of youth, particularly the student’s circle of friends to the student that

Marries Is Better Than Being Single

ed is MARRIED IS BETTER THAN BEING SINGLE There are lots of discussion and arguments about to being single or getting married nowadays. The new generation might not willing to bound into marriage life and they wish to remain in single life so they can have more privacy, freedom and the commitment of   responsibilities. However, marriage is union ordained by God and it is also a wonderful union of two people in love. It is unique, opposite-sex union with legal, social, economic and spiritual dimensions. Getting married does bring a lot of advantages to a person either family.The biggest advantage for getting married is emotional stability. Married people treat their own family as shelter and they can feel secure and relax when staying together with their family. Family provides a peace and comfort zone for those married people to restore their energy. Marriage can helps the couple to become more tolerant, unselfish, caring and more responsible. Its provide a chances for the husband and wife to grow with and sharing their life’s challenges, rewards and sorrows with a person who actually knows and understand what you going through and feels the same frequency.There are a lots of difficulties have to learn by marriage people as that is not easiest to living with someone for the rest of their life. They have to overcome all the problems facing by them and to learn how to take care of others feeling, patience, emotion control, temper, time management and attitude towards their family. In a marriage life, there are always someone’s to hear your companions. It is good to have someone there to have a share, to bounce ideas or to have a witty exchange of remarks.Companionship among the married peoples also offers support and can be particularly important at times of trouble or stress. At such times, married people have distinct advantages over being single. The other advantage for marriage is that allows couples to pool their both incomes to share the cos t of living and debts, save more money for retirement and doing investment. The married people can also sharing a house, car and food so they can enjoy save cost for basic living conditions compare with a single person.Therefore, people who are married become less poverty but more wealth and their money goes further. It is because, they tend to specialize, exchange, and share roles and functions in ways to generate higher earnings, encourage savings, helping each other’s to restrain from impulse spending, and generally leave the family financially better off. Marriage can also leads to better health and greater longevity for people. There are more likely to enjoy better physical health. The spouses are intimately aware of and impacted by their spouse’s choices.In a sense, couples have a significant vested interest in watching out for one another and encouraging healthy choices and behaviour. For example, the wife might not allow her husband drinking, smoking or other u nnecessary risk-taking and also control his weights. Compared to single, divorced or widowed people, the married people experience less depression, anxiety, and other types of psychological distress. Besides, the married people will have active, satisfying and safety sex lives compared with single people. The married people tend to have more sex because it costs them less in time, money and psychic energy.They have find it more satisfying because their sex partner is more available, less distracted, more eager and more secure and able to please. The higher levels of satisfaction for married couples is related to the fact that marriage adds meaning to the sexual act because it symbolizes a union that is based on sexual fidelity, stronger commitment and emotional intimacy. It had increased their commitment and their sense of responsibility, and had generally strengthened their relationships. In addition, the married life can brings greater safety towards the married people and expand their social network.It’s because, the married people have companion to visit places together, visit friends or holiday together. For the single person, that is far more difficult as often modern social life is geared around ‘couples' and the single person can often feel left out or sometimes, simply not invited. At times, perhaps, having children might seem to impede their social life but it just brings a change in your social life and much of that social life involves being with your children. Lastly, married people will create a family with a new and challenging life instead of boring life compared with single people.Families are created and held together by the lifelong commitment of a man and a woman who live cooperatively and raise and nurture the children born to them. Families are the building block essential to the formation of a community, and strong social structure arises from the foundation many families provide. A thriving society and culture depend on sta ble marriages. For example, as marriage declines in a culture,  the state must spend more money and care for children who less of the financial stability with divorce family background.Strong marriages statuses are at the heart of thriving family and community. In conclusion, getting married is better than being single as there married leads to emotional stability, financial stability, train the couples become more independent and responsible, better health and greater longevity, have wonderful sexual life, easy to expand social networks and have a new challenging life instead of boring life compared to single people. Getting married is not an easy but it does bring a lot of meaningful to individuals, family and the community.

Free Essays on The Teenaged Male

The Teenaged Male Ok hold on to your hat’s folks as I take you into the weird and wonderful world of being a teenage boy, so if you please keep your hands and arms inside the vehicle at all times! To all the parents out there be afraid be very afraid because as soon as that clock strikes 12:00 bye bye loveable child hello hormone induced stropoholic teen. You see, this is the scary bit guys the minute that child becomes 13 you’ll know about it, Harry Enfield got it spot on with ‘Kevin’. Now I’m sorry to say no matter how well you raised your, child they always know best, life and you are their mortal enemy and all chocolate companies for some reason have just added a new spot making ingredient or so they think. Nevertheless, like a wise person once said ‘ if you can keep your head whilst all the spots around you are losing theirs one day my friends you will reclaim your child’ †¦ †¦ with a few alterations of course. Right first thing’s first for the first couple of months your son will sound like a hamster’s wheel that hasn’t seen a can of WD-40 for a decade, however as time goes on he’ll sound remarkably like Barry White and find out why girls really are put on this earth! (Exactly, to tag team with you to make their life a living hell!). But don’t worry the good times do outweigh the bad †¦ †¦ well sometimes. I am a typical teenage boy, I go mental if my hair is touched, I’m after the girls and I play sport for a local club. This time period is where boys, scarily, start to spend more time in the bathroom tarting themselves up than girls, which is some mean feat I can tell you. After wasting all the hot water in the shower and pouring half a tub of Brylcream in his hair, it’s time to dress up, look eighteen and go for a drink at a bar, far enough away that nobody knows how old he really is, but at the same time not too far that the cab fare costs more than the amount spent on his ni... Free Essays on The Teenaged Male Free Essays on The Teenaged Male The Teenaged Male Ok hold on to your hat’s folks as I take you into the weird and wonderful world of being a teenage boy, so if you please keep your hands and arms inside the vehicle at all times! To all the parents out there be afraid be very afraid because as soon as that clock strikes 12:00 bye bye loveable child hello hormone induced stropoholic teen. You see, this is the scary bit guys the minute that child becomes 13 you’ll know about it, Harry Enfield got it spot on with ‘Kevin’. Now I’m sorry to say no matter how well you raised your, child they always know best, life and you are their mortal enemy and all chocolate companies for some reason have just added a new spot making ingredient or so they think. Nevertheless, like a wise person once said ‘ if you can keep your head whilst all the spots around you are losing theirs one day my friends you will reclaim your child’ †¦ †¦ with a few alterations of course. Right first thing’s first for the first couple of months your son will sound like a hamster’s wheel that hasn’t seen a can of WD-40 for a decade, however as time goes on he’ll sound remarkably like Barry White and find out why girls really are put on this earth! (Exactly, to tag team with you to make their life a living hell!). But don’t worry the good times do outweigh the bad †¦ †¦ well sometimes. I am a typical teenage boy, I go mental if my hair is touched, I’m after the girls and I play sport for a local club. This time period is where boys, scarily, start to spend more time in the bathroom tarting themselves up than girls, which is some mean feat I can tell you. After wasting all the hot water in the shower and pouring half a tub of Brylcream in his hair, it’s time to dress up, look eighteen and go for a drink at a bar, far enough away that nobody knows how old he really is, but at the same time not too far that the cab fare costs more than the amount spent on his ni...

Case Study of the Jewish Museum, Berlin

Case Study of the Jewish Museum, Berlin The Jewish Museum Berlin incorporates the social and cultural history of the Germany after World War 2 and aspired to correspond to the effects of the Holocaust on Jews in Germany. In his design, Libeskind claimed to combine three main concepts; the incapability to comprehend the historical agendas of Germany without the knowledge of the civilizational, academic and economic contribution that was made by the Jewish people in Berlin. Secondly he wanted to capture the bodily and spiritual journey in correlation to the experience of the Holocaust and its repercussions the society of Jews and finally he wanted to make amends by the acknowledgment, removal and the incorporation of voids, through which Berlin can move but this time with humanitarian existence. When the construction ended in 1999, the Director Michael Blumenthal declared that, â€Å"the chief aim of the museum will be to bring a sense of the richness of Jewish cultural life in Germany before the Holocaust† LIBESKIND S BOOK However, the Holocaust infuses the museum so strongly the museum has been called by reviewers and critics both â€Å"didactic† and â€Å"pedagogical† that the message is one for the present and, more importantly, for the future (BOOK MAKE UP). Because the context of the Holocaust remains such a strong thread in this space, it warrants examination as a unique addition to genres memorializing the Holocaust. Additionally, the museum’s triumph in its massive turnout rates particularly with young people, over the last decade calls for an analysis of its complexity of design and content to understand how the space performs to change the way we see things.WHY HE WON? For Libeskind, who was worn in Poland, a coupl of hundred Kilemoters from Berlin and whose family devastated during the Holocaust, the project presented a chance to reconnect to his past. Both of his parents were arrested by Soviet officials when the Red Army and upon their return home and have spen d some time in concentration camp. Upon their return they learned that 85 members of families had died at the hands of the Nazis. These experiences made Libeskind design extremely personal and in a sence biased. In an nterview to â€Å"Jewish Currents†, a Jewish on-line magazine that deals with activism, politics and art Libeskind explains his approach; â€Å"I would first point out that it’s not a project that I had to research in a library or study in the archives because it is part of my background, including my immediate background in every sense. My parents were Holocaust survivors and my uncle Nathan was one of the heroes of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. I myself grew up as a Jew in post war Poland under quite anti-Semitic circumstances. And I’ve lived in Israel and New York. Certainly that museum is speaking, both backwards and forwards, to many issues that are part of my Jewish sensibility†. Jewish Currents Just by observing the form of the structur e, already the sense of pragmatic effect is playing a large role. The building is recognisable by its gleaming zinc walls, asymmetrical shape of the zigzag form with daylight penetrating through asymmetric cuts suggestive of the vile stabs on Jewish presence in Germany.